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At Rush University in Chicago, Illinois, molecular biologist Narine Hakobyan has found about half a dozen biomarkers in the blood of haemophilic mice that could signal very minor bleeds before damage occurs in the joint.

Development of these pills depends on colonies of haemophilic dogs that serve as cooperative test subjects.

It is now carried on by a spectral corporation, losing circulation at the same rate a haemophilic loses blood.

Before clotting factor became widely available as a treatment, people with haemophilia rarely reached adulthood, so haemophilic joint disease was not on the radar of most research programmes.