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In contrast, the first antiviral, idoxuridine, was developed as an anticancer agent in 1959, was reported to block viruses in 1961, and approved in 1963 to treat herpes infections of the eye.

In the early 1950s, he synthesized idoxuridine, a successful treatment for infant keratitis.

In the early 1950s he synthesized idoxuridine, a successful treatment for infant keratitis.

Idoxuridine overturned medical dogma and, after winning approval by the Food and Drug Administration, became the first clinically used antiviral drug.