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It has also upended old assumptions about the "rules" of therapy - especially the length of sessions, which have to be adjusted when working with clients under the influence of MDMA, she says.

The substances alleged to be involved in the offences are MDMA, butanediol, ketamine and alprazolam, which is also known under the brand name Xanax.

As medicinal MDMA’s future in America looks uncertain, are there any lessons to be learned from Australia?

As of 2019, the Netherlands was among the world's leading producers of MDMA.

Although 24 states have legalized cannabis, it remains illegal at the federal level, carrying the same criminal penalties as heroin and MDMA.