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According to the classic theory of genetics laid out by the biologist Gregor Mendel, if both parents carry a recessive gene then there's a one in four chance that their child will inherit the condition.

He penned a poem called “Mendel’s Law: A Plea for a Better Race of Men” and which read in part:

The building, which sees thousands of visitors each year, was formerly the home of the leader of the Orthodox Jewish movement - Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson.

To do this, Boeke's team started by using a method reminiscent of Mendel's peas: essentially, the researchers interbred different partially synthetic yeast strains and then searched amongst their progeny for individuals carrying both synthetic chromosomes.

His name was Gregor Mendel — and he loved breeding pea plants.