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However, HHS regulations issued in 2021 say participating clinics must offer pregnant women information about prenatal care and delivery, infant care, foster care, adoption, and pregnancy termination.

These can range from prenatal stress hormones to neighborhood pollutants to the school a child attends.

He left the impression that research into genetic or prenatal causes will get short shrift in grants from the National Institutes of Health, which comes under his jurisdiction.

The NIH lists some possible risk factors including prenatal exposure to pesticides or air pollution, premature birth or low birth weight, maternal health problems and parents conceiving at older ages.

For Shanya and Leslie, prenatal care and addiction treatment were provided once they were transferred from jail to prison, they said.