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Each dehorning costs about $600, a significant sum in the African context, although that represents just over 1 percent of the entire budget for rhino protection rhinos, and other security measures are far more expensive.

"I can't find anything – and there's no support. I feel like I have no protection and it's upsetting," she says, frail and leaning on a stick.

However, safety and security have proved insurmountable for some when, for example, gangs demand protection fees from teachers.

It has recently developed a code to "standardise best practices and consumer protection" ensuring, it says, "transparency, fairness, and improved support for shared owners in marketing, purchasing and management of homes".

She said: "Housing people, including survivors of torture and trafficking, in an isolated, overcrowded camp reminiscent of an open-air prison, with inadequate healthcare and legal services, is an inhumane way to treat those seeking protection."