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Dr. Van Doren said policies that reduce or eliminate light from buildings were a simple way to reduce bird deaths.

He had planned to major in psychology but switched to literature after studying under Prof. Mark Van Doren, the Pulitzer Prize-winning poet.

“I join those women lawyers in rejoicing today,” Elizabeth Van Doren Gray, who would later become president of the South Carolina Bar, said at Toal’s swearing in as chief justice.

Lauck assigns most of the blame for this attitude to scholarly nabobs like Carl Van Doren, who led a “revolt from the village” sentiment that characterized the region as suffused with retrograde Babbittry.

Mr. Howard graduated from high school in Shaker Heights outside Cleveland and studied English literature at Columbia University, dazzled by professors including the poet Mark Van Doren and literary critics F.W.