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This surcharge starts once modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain amounts, which in 2025 is $106,000 for single filers and $212,000 for married couples filing jointly.

Taxes on Social Security are based on something called “combined income,” which is your adjusted gross income plus any nontaxable interest you earned plus half of your Social Security income.

The IRS has free tax software for those whose Adjusted Gross Income is below $84,000 annually.

“Combined income” is defined as taxpayers’ adjusted gross income, plus their nontaxable interest earnings and half of their Social Security benefits.

Furthermore, medical expenses must exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income to be deductible, notes Mark Luscombe, principal analyst for Wolters Kluwer Tax & Accounting.