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That is, historically, what presidents have done: Facing volatile circumstances, confronting crises, they summon the powers of their office to explain, to ameliorate, to reassure and above all, to try to calm the situation.

But Americans should not expect that all this can be ameliorated, much less erased.

Her conundrum has lately been making me think about Daniel Shapiro's fascinating book, "Negotiating the Nonnegotiable," and his clear-eyed examination of the roles of tribalism and identity in accelerating conflict — and in ameliorating it.

The judge said his segregation was ameliorated by him being allowed "some three hours per day out of his cell, which is more than twice the time allowed to convicted prisoners held in segregation".

The mandatory two-stop has been arrived at as a necessary evil - introducing an element of artificiality to ameliorate a specific problem.