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The challenge for European law enforcement agencies is compounded by the fact that ketamine is used as a vital legitimate anaesthetic in hospitals and veterinary clinics, as well as being a popular illegal recreational drug.

The procedure, which typically lasts between one and two hours, is usually carried out under local anaesthetic and is mainly performed on older patients.

The GMC took over the regulation of physician associates and anaesthetic associates in December.

Behaviour of surgery staff largely went unaddressed as some said they often worked through their breaks, so needed to take food and drink into the anaesthetic room.

He is accused of administering an anaesthetic and a muscle relaxant to his patients without their knowledge or consent.