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The data from the regulator includes hundreds of spills in the Barrancabermeja area where Ms Velásquez and the fishers live.

He moved to his family home near Barrancabermeja, and says he met with an old contact to ask about job openings.

In early March, an attack on an oil pipeline led to environmental damage near a refinery in the Colombian city of Barrancabermeja.

"The ruling dated April 21, 2022 by the First Administrative Court of Barrancabermeja is hereby revoked and the request for legal protection is ruled inadmissible," the higher Administrative Court of Santander said in a statement.

The attorney general's office has received 33 reports of threats made to activists in Puerto Wilches and Barrancabermeja, a nearby city, of which 12 cases remain active, it told Reuters in a statement.