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When they zeroed in on the affected cells, they confirmed that the benomyl was indeed inhibiting the activity of ALDH, which in turn spurred the toxic accumulation of DOPAL.

To find out, the researchers exposed different types of human brain cells—and, later, whole zebra fish—to benomyl.

In addition, some human and animal studies have linked the fungicides maneb and benomyl to Parkinson's disease.

The fungus killers benomyl and maneb/mancozeb were associated with tripled and doubled risk, respectively, and the herb killer paraquat nearly doubled the likelihood of hypothyroidism.