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Many Roman festive practices did find sanctuary in the medieval liturgical calendar, in modified and Christianized form.

“Haakon Jarl” charts the rocky reign of the titular ruler who favored the Norse gods and fought the advance of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II as well as further attempts to Christianize Norway.

And the authors, who were men as far as we know, were Christianized people writing about their “pagan” ancestors.

Muezzins, who call Muslims to prayer, have not sounded from the Christianized minarets of Andalusia, Spain’s largest region, for centuries.

They were isolated from their homes and culture with the aim of Christianizing and assimilating them into mainstream society, which previous Canadian governments considered superior.