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In a February study conducted by researchers from Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University, groups of people working with data worked more efficiently with the use of generative AI tools like ChatGPT — but used less critical thinking than a comparator group of workers who didn't use these tools.

A separate arm is exploring AF prevalence and susceptibility in 128 former elite competitive rowers between the ages of 45 and 80, along with a matched comparator group of people who are not competitive athletes.

They added: “Trump has not shown that Biden’s conduct, as described in the Hur Report, makes him a similarly situated comparator for purposes of his selective prosecution claim.”

While the company acknowledged that in the 2011 and 2021 publications of the Widnes study not all cases of Parkinson's were always listed on death certificates, it said "the same would be true of the general population data which were used as a comparator in the study".

It was found that using Oxygen as the base metallicity comparator to other elements was not accurate, and instead, Argon demonstrated a stronger correlation with Oxygen for Sulphur and has been suggested as a more reliable indicator of metallicity and a suitable comparison element.