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Sir Brian Leveson was asked by the Lord Chancellor to come up with a series of proposals to reduce the backlog of cases in the criminal courts.

Private prosecutions are cases brought to criminal courts without the involvement of the police or CPS.

Advocates, defense attorneys and even some prosecutors have long sounded the alarm about the problems that could arise from ICE using state criminal courts as staging grounds for federal immigration enforcement.

A person does not have to be convicted of a crime to be subject to an injunction, but violating the orders can prompt contempt charges in criminal court.

Whereas defendants in criminal court have a right to free counsel, no such right exists in immigration court.