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The study used landscape modeling techniques developed at CU Boulder.

"The first ice-free day in the Arctic won't change things dramatically," said Jahn, associate professor in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and fellow at CU Boulder's Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research.

"During pregnancy, many women rely on prenatal vitamins and minerals to support their health and their baby's development. Among the most crucial nutrients for fetal development are choline and iodine. However, some prenatal vitamins may not contain the exact amounts listed on the label and some may not contain any choline or iodine," said the study's first author Laura Borgelt, PharmD, MBA, professor at the University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at CU Anschutz.

Females sleep less, wake up more often and get less restorative sleep than males, according to a new animal study by CU Boulder researchers.

The researchers hope to build and expand on these initial discoveries, said the study's senior author Malik Kahook, MD, professor of ophthalmology at the CU School of Medicine.