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The patients underwent carotid endarterectomies, a procedure in which the artery is opened and the plaque is cleaned out.

So if the Koch brothers succeed in privatizing the Veterans Affairs system, we should be having more endarterectomy surgery.

So it would seem that surgery to clean out the arteries, with a procedure called carotid endarterectomy, or CEA, would be a good idea.

Medicare patients in McAllen received forty per cent more surgery, almost twice as many bladder scopes and heart studies, and two to three times as many pacemakers, cardiac bypass operations, carotid endarterectomies, and coronary stents.

In fact, to enter into CHEST-1, patients had to be deemed inoperable or had residual PH after undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy.