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Because of the damage they did to native birds, cats — along with English sparrows — were among Bailey’s least-favorite things.

In 2016, Dr. Bonaros watched nonnative European starlings and English sparrows go after the dregs of Brood V, also disappearing from Long Island.

He promised that, if they continued to thrive, English sparrows would be claimed as "thoroughly naturalized citizens."

Carnahan flies Tink mostly around the farm, where she catches small birds such as starlings and English sparrows.

An 1897 article in The Washington Post noted that 30 U.S. states were offering bounties for certain troublesome animals, including wolves, panthers, ground squirrels, pocket gophers, woodchucks and English sparrows.