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They formed a chain and blocked Pathrabe’s door in a type of civil disobedience known as a gherao, or encirclement, a favorite tactic of Indian labor activists in the 1960s.

Some invoked gherao, a tactic borrowed from India in which workers barricade employers in their offices until wage demands are met.

In more than 1,000 instances, the workers subjected their helpless employers to a special Bengali torture�the gherao.