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Many are unconscious, incapacitated or too unwell to tell staff who they are.

The judges cited a 2017 case in Orange County as precedent, writing that “continuing to shoot a suspect who appears to be incapacitated and no longer poses an immediate threat violates the Fourth Amendment.”

“My feet were torn and oozing within my elk leather boots, and every inch of my skin was a rash of poison oak. Hours before I had been incapacitated by muscle cramps.”

You’ll also need to create a medical power of attorney, which is where you name the person you want to speak for you if you become incapacitated.

Dear Liz: I read your column about the parent who unexpectedly had to take over for their incapacitated son.