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Parts of the Anak Krakatau mountain fell into the ocean, causing a tsunami along the coasts of Sumatra and Java islands, killing 430 people.

Scientists at the center said that since the 2018 eruption and collapse, Anak Krakatau island is now only about a quarter of its original size.

Proud said the 1883 Krakatau eruption in Indonesia probably also reached the mesosphere.

When Anak Krakatau in Indonesia erupted on 22 December 2018, part of the island collapsed into the ocean, causing a deadly tsunami.Credit:

Researchers can now record movements safely and continuously, using GPS receivers and, more recently, satellite-borne radar — which detected the movement at Anak Krakatau.