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He was also a lecturer at the prestigious Sorbonne University in Paris, with access to Versailles Palace's historical records, including inventories of royal furniture which had existed at the palace in the 18th Century.

Dyfrig Jones, the UCU union's vice president and a senior lecturer at the university said the increase was "shocking and disappointing".

University lecturer, dietician, cook and food writer Beca Lyne-Pirkis said she first learned to make Welsh rarebit with her grandparents so it brings back "nostalgic memories".

Dr Guy Bewick, senior lecturer in Neurosciences at the University of Aberdeen, said not all pain could be treated in the same way, and medicine could be ineffective for chronic pain.

As early as 1999, Irving Kirsch, a lecturer at Harvard, began to explore the role of the placebo effect in antidepressant studies, asserting that the placebo response to medication was greater than any pharmacological effect.