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This theme of the body as a machine was developed in the seventeenth century by another Italian, Giovanni Borelli, who was an older contemporary and friend of Malpighi.

Marcello Malpighi showed that the parts of the full-grown tree were present in the seed.

Malpighi and his school contended that the perfect animal is already “preformed” in the germ; for example, the hen’s egg, before fecundation, containing an excessively minute, but complete, chick.

At the end of the seventeenth century Malpighi and Grew discovered that plant tissue is entirely made up of microscopic spaces enclosing fluid; they called these spaces cells.

Malpighi, who was to fulfil Harvey’s discovery and foresight, was born in N.-E.