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“We’re not going to ask an officer to risk his life by saying, ‘Oh, I wonder if he’s trying to get rid of the gun or he’s going to shoot me,’” said Ed Obayashi, a deputy sheriff in Modoc County and a law enforcement policy advisor to police agencies across the state.

In rural districts, like Modoc, Siskiyou, and Lassen Counties, “Head Start isn’t just one option among many. A lot of times, it’s the only option,” said Hadwick, who represents these areas.

Army also locked up Hope, Apache and Modoc Indians there and, later, conscientious objectors to World War I.

Ed Obayashi, a Modoc County sheriff’s deputy and special prosecutor who trains law enforcement on search and seizure policies, said the initial police responses to both cases merited further examination.

Things have gotten so bad so quickly — wolves have been back in California for only a bit more than a decade — that officials in Modoc and Sierra counties have declared emergencies.