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Not leaning on any one interpretive framework that might exclude relevant factors, Bonhomme considers the highly intersecting and variable impact of colonialism, racialization, gender roles and attitudes towards the human body, and, most strikingly perhaps, class, specifically in its intersection with race.

One of the things I really appreciated in this book is the combination of class, which is something that is so rarely frankly discussed in North American discourse, with racialization and gender issues.

In fact, the slavery question is a question of labor, and it's a question of racialization of a particular form, a set of laborers who didn't have much of a choice or agency outside of escaping or attempting to escape, or in some cases, inflicting physical harm to the body and the self, or suicide.

Over the past few centuries this process of misrepresentation of biology was, and still is, used to deny women rights and to justify legal and societal misogyny and inequity, to justify slavery, racialization, racism and to enforce multiple forms of discrimination and bias.

Our survey found significant evidence of the racialization of anti-abortion politics on the American right: More than a third of Trump voters embrace white supremacist values.