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Experts tend to agree that there is a hiccup reflex arc, or circuit, that includes the vagus and phrenic nerves.

The reflex arc concept in psychology, Dewey says, recognizes that the sensory-motor arc is to be taken as the unit of nerve structure, and the type of nerve function.

In other words, the reaction of reflex arcs is controllable by the mechanism to whose activity consciousness is adjunct.

That is, the reflex arc is built up by agencies that are quite independent of the subsequent act.

The reflex arc can now be described more precisely than before.