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These have included shuttering government agencies, defunding programmes and mass layoffs:

Intense domestic competition in China would probably force industrial consolidation, Liu said, resulting in the shuttering of Chinese factories and laying off of workers.

Requiring officials to first get approval before shuttering services would create an unnecessary network of bureaucracy for those who know the parks best.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has dismissed accusations that Washington was left unable to help in the Myanmar earthquake due to the Donald Trump administration's shuttering of its humanitarian aid agency.

Trump has long called for the department to be axed, a cherished goal of some conservatives, but completely shuttering it would require approval by Congress - which is unlikely.