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At the time, my attention was on a carpet of yellow flowers highlighting a field of perpendicular black lines, the mast-like trunks of dead, burned tamarack pine.

“Made her some sagebrush tea and some tamarack syrup.”

But for the most part, these traces were obliterated, with the hedges running wild and native trees—slippery elm and tamarack—outnumbering the quince and Japanese maple.

He uses spruce, black walnut, bigleaf maples and tamaracks from Oregon and Washington.

Joe Braeu told the story of a broom 40 feet high in a tamarack tree in the wilds of northern Minnesota.