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Other sports have rules in place for athletes with DSD, whose elevated testosterone levels can lead to increased muscle mass and strength.

He also said there were a wide range of medical uses for hormones, such as testosterone and oestrogen, which made decisions on whether to restrict or ban their use in different situations complex.

Most prostate cancers can be slowed even more dramatically — for years after diagnosis — with medical intervention to block testosterone, which feeds such tumors.

The FA has continued to allow biological males to compete in the women's game if they show low enough testosterone levels and they are assessed by a match observer.

There are all sorts of differences between male and female kidneys, from the impact of testosterone to the biological effects of behavioral differences resulting from gender roles.