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Its homes, which can be customized by combining various-sized modules, range from one to four bedrooms and are solar-powered, built to maximize thermal efficiency and indoor air quality.

The model showed that thermal trapping achieves the target temperature at lower concentrations with the same performance, or at higher thermal efficiency for equal concentration.

They have made a revolutionary step forward in thermal efficiency - the measure of converting fuel energy to power - by increasing it to more than 50% from the 30% or so of a standard road-going petrol engine.

He points out that the high-tech turbo hybrid power units used to power Formula 1 cars since 2014 are among the most efficient ever designed in terms of the percentage of fuel energy that is converted into power - a measure known as thermal efficiency.

F1 engines have a thermal efficiency rating of about 50%, while road-car petrol engines are generally in the region of 30%.