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The generations of cars introduced with new rules in 2022, which focus on underbody downforce produced by so-called Venturi tunnels, have proved prone to low-speed understeer - a lack of front grip - and high-speed oversteer - too much front grip.

Verstappen's struggles with getting a satisfactory balance out of the Red Bull continued - he complained of understeer in the early part of the session, and then said the car was "very loose, especially in the high speed" in the closing stages.

Verstappen has complained all year about balance problems with the Red Bull, which is unpredictable on corner entry and has mid-corner understeer.

The Red Bull is nervous on corner entry, has mid-corner understeer and is snappy on exits.

In the case of China, Norris' issue was that the McLaren was suffering from understeer - a lack of front grip.