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Downtown's Pershing Square supports mourning doves, Vaux's swifts, gopher snakes and exotic streaktails, a type of fly that feeds on aphids.

Early in June, they finally captured Fort Vaux after surrounding it and blowing it up section by section.

The sculptor Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller had moved to Paris at the turn of the century, but after her Hayden was one of the first African American artists to travel to Europe to study.

Birnbaum’s group has instead proposed the footprint of the pergola, a feature in the landscape in Olmsted and Vaux’s time.

As a native New Yorker, I have long cherished Central Park, which Olmsted shaped with his partner Calvert Vaux after winning a design competition in 1857.