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At the elementary level, the weak force is composed of a ‘charged current’ and a ‘neutral current’ mediated by the W± and Z0 bosons, respectively.

The decay of the meson to two muons, shown in Fig. 1c, is forbidden at the elementary level because the Z0 cannot couple directly to quarks of different flavours, that is, there are no direct ‘flavour changing neutral currents’.

Its discovery would verify the existence of a complex scalar field thought to give mass to three of the carriers of the electroweak force—the W+, W–, and Z0 bosons—as well as to the fundamental quarks and leptons.

The former is the number of arc degrees from the horizon to the moon's center; therefore Z0 is readily obtained by subtracting the altitude from 90°.

Taking out then from the original region a small regular polygonal region with z0 as centre, the theorem holds for the remaining portion.